「 兩性工作平等 與 政府角色 －美國經驗談」座談會

[fred]

台灣大學社會工作學系--社會工作週四論壇

「 兩性工作平等 與 政府角色 －美國經驗談」座談會

時間：2004/04/22（週四）, 10:00~12:00
地點：台灣大學社會工作系/社會系館 R401
電話：2367-2476 傳真：2368-0532
報名：以電子郵件（[email protected]）報名 請註明參加人數與單位

主持人：馮燕 博士 台大社工系系主任
主講人：Dr. Rita Ricardo-Campbell
經濟學家，美國史丹福大學胡佛研究中心資深研究員
回應人：嚴祥鸞博士 台北市政府勞工局局長
王麗容博士 台大社工系副教授
林維紅博士 台大歷史系教授／人口暨性別研究中心婦女研究室召集人

主辦單位：台大社工系、台北市勞工局、人口暨性別研究中心婦女研究室
協辦單位：駐舊金山台北經濟文化辦事處文化組
參加對象：社會福利相關領域學者、專家、學生
婦女與性別研究學者、專家、學生
企業界代表、工會代表

座談會摘要：
Dr. Rita Ricardo-Campbell, National Taiwan University, April 22, 2004

Summary of “Women and Comparable Worth in U.S.”
There will be 15minute responses by the Chief of the Labor’s Bureau of Taipei City and by an Associate Professor

In the U.S. the attempt to equalize earnings, not wage rates, between women and men who work in the government sector began in the early years of an economic upturn. This meant little dissent to paying larger increases to female employees than to male employees. To my knowledge nobody had a cut in salary when comparable worth was in introduced by the city of San Jose. Even though the concept has not in the U.S. spread to private employees where labor markets reflect supply and demand, its impact has been minimal. The Canadian province of Ontario passed in 1988 a Pay Equity Act that covers both private and public sectors. There appears to be no or little “direct effects” from that law except possibly in pay to professors in government universities. More effective within the U.S. has been attempts to induce more women to work in the male-dominated occupations that pay higher salaries; for example, engineers, physicians, dentists, lawyers, etc. and also to raise young women’s expectations of having successful careers. Relatively more women have pursued college education in recent years as compared to prior years. There also seems to be a link between lower fertility rates and higher lifetime earnings.

Implementation of “Comparable Worth” is greatly helped by use of salary and wage rate surveys. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) that is regularly updated helps as do similar but less extensive local surveys of existing company job evaluation plans that have numerous, detailed job descriptions with their corresponding wages or salaries. The numbers applying for an advertised government job when vacancies are announced indicated if the salary, including benefits, is in line with the market. In U.S. government jobs pay, benefits included, seem generally above market rates.











講者簡歷：
HOOVER INSTITUTION

Rita Ricardo-Campbell
Economist Rita Ricardo-Campbell, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, has specialized in the health care sector and the economic and political problems of the Social Security system. Ricardo-Campbell was for twelve years a director of the Gillette Company, for twenty-one years a director of the Watkins Johnson Company, and until recently a director of the Samaritan Medical Management Group.
Her book Resisting Hostile Takeovers: The Case of Gillette was published by Greenwood Publishing Company in late 1997.
She has lectured abroad and has given testimony before Senate and House committees. In 1990 she chaired a chief executive roundtable in New York City on containing health care costs and spoke at the World Congress on Health Economics in Zurich.
In recent years Ricardo-Campbell has written extensively on health policy and Social Security. Her critically acclaimed book The Economics and Politics of Health was published in 1982 by the University of North Carolina; a second edition appeared in paperback in 1985.
From 1992 to 1994 she was vice president of the Mont Pelerin Society; she was a director of that organization from 1988 to 1994. During 1981–89 she was a member of the President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board; in 1982–88, a member of the National Council on the Humanities; and in 1988, reappointed in 1991, a member of the President’s Committee on the National Medal of Science. In 1974–75 she was a member of the Advisory Council on Social Security, which completed an exhaustive review of that program, and subsequently wrote Social Security: Promise and Reality.
Her book Issues in Contemporary Retirement, coedited with Edward Lazear, was published in 1988 by the Hoover Institution Press. Also in 1988, she wrote “Aging: Social Security and Medicare,” which appears in Thinking about America: The United States in the 1990s (Hoover Institution Press).
She coedited, with Kingsley Davis and Mikhail S. Bernstam, Below-Replacement Fertility in Industrial Societies, which was published in 1987 by the Cambridge University Press and contains her much-quoted chapter “U.S. Social Security under Low Fertility.” In 1985 she wrote Women and Comparable Worth and in 1984, a chapter, “Social Security Reform: A Mature System in an Aging Society,” that appeared in To Promote Prosperity: U.S. Domestic Policy in the Mid-1980s (Hoover Institution Press). Her other writings, Drug Lag: Federal Government Decision Making and Food Safety Regulation, continue to be of policy interest. With Glenn Campbell, she coauthored Economics of Mobilization and War.
From 1967 through 1975, she was a California commissioner of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education; she was chairman in 1970–71.
She held teaching posts at Harvard and Tufts Universities before serving as an economist on the Wage Stabilization Board in Washington D.C., and subsequently as an economist for the House Ways and Means Committee.
Ricardo-Campbell’s biography has been included in Who’s Who in the World, Who’s Who in America, Who’s Who in California, and Who’s Who of American Women for more than twenty years.
A native of Boston, Massachusetts, Ricardo-Campbell received a bachelor of science degree from Simmons College and master’s and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University. She can be reached by phone at (650) 723–2074.